Disscuss the relevance of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to a Essay - 1

Disscuss the pertinence of the capital resource estimating model (CAPM) to an organization trying to assess its expense of capital - Essay Example The market chance or deliberate hazard is the unavoidable hazard gotten by the economy wide risks (Brealy et al, 2005). The CAPM’s center is around the technique for estimating precise hazard and its impact on the necessary return and offer costs. In spite of the fact that it was at first developed for interest in value, it is likewise utilized for assessing organization interests in capital undertakings now (Davis and Pain, 2002). Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) endeavors to draw out a linkage among hazard and return for the benefits (Gitman,2006). The CAPM is based on the reason that all around differentiated financial specialists command the securities exchange and their fundamental concern being the market chance. The supposition that is conceivable in a circumstance in which huge organizations and little speculators can differentiate effortlessly (Brealy et al, 2007). The CAPM expands on the recommendation that extra hazard requires a better yield. This arrival has two parts: (1) what might be earned on a hazard free resource, for example, a U.S. Treasury bill, in addition to (2) a premium for bearing danger. Since unsystematic hazard is diminished through broadening, a stock’s chance premium is the extra return required to hold up under the non-diversifiable, efficient hazard related with the stock (Mayo 2007). The key contribution for the CAPM is accordingly the overabundance return of the market over the hazard free rate, which is the market (value) chance premium. The training embraced normally has been to apply the chronicled normal return over a significant stretch as a proportion of what financial specialists hope to acquire. As a substitute for the market portfolio, a wide value advertise file is applied. Ke is the expense of value capital, Rf is the hazard free pace of return typically estimated by the pace of profit for US treasury protections, Rm is the market return of an expanded portfolio and I is the Beta co-proficient of the firm’s portfolio. The beta coefficient shows the instability of the stock comparative with that of a normal stock. On the off chance that it is 0.5, it is half as

Horse Colic Free Essays

string(76) in feedstuffs to permit the pony to adapt to expanded work requirements. The term colic alludes to torment in the mid-region of ponies. It's anything but a solitary infection, however is the appearance of an extensive number of ailments: all of which produce agony, and some of which are conceivably lethal. Causing a particular conclusion to decide the real reason for the colic to can be amazingly hard for veterinarians now and again. We will compose a custom exposition test on Pony Colic or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now As a result of the huge number of potential causes, it is of incentive to inspect a few incredible late research surveys which took a gander at the order of colics, and at the causative elements, frequency and mortality related with these sicknesses. Most of instances of colic happen because of obscure causes, yet are fundamentally attempted to be related with intestinal muscle fit or the aggregation of strange measures of gas in a segment of the digestive tract. As a rule, colic results because of the distension of the gut by ingesta, liquid, gas, or because of a practical debilitation of the ordinary intestinal motility. In increasingly extreme cases, stomach torment might be the consequence of harm to the intestinal divider by decreased blood gracefully (ischaemia), irritation, passing of tissue (localized necrosis) or oedema (expanding and expanded liquid). The reasons for colic can be ordered by all around perceived neurotic classifications, including block, strangulation, enteritis/colitis, peritonitis, just as by the site included †stomach, small digestive system, caecum, enormous colon, little colon, peritoneum, and different organs including liver, spleen and kidney Rather than basically posting the kinds of colic which can happen, it is currently of incentive to take a gander at what we do really think about causes, predominance and hazard factors, just as techniques to forestall colics. Nathaniel White, DVM, of the Marion Dupont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia, evaluated the hazard factors in the USA in 2002, in his distribution â€Å"Prevalence, socioeconomics and Risk Factors for Colic, www. ivis. organization, with the accompanying remarks and perceptions; Out of 100 ponies in everybody, 4-10 instances of colic are normal in one year. Around 10-15% of the colics are rehash cases, with certain ponies having 2-4 colic scenes yearly. Ponies that have had a past colic are multiple times as prone to have a subsequent colic contrasted with a pony that has never had colic. Most colic signs were basic colic or ileus (no withdrawals of the gut) with no particular conclusion entered in 80-85% of cases. In one investigation, 30% of ponies with colic were recognized by proprietors however never observed by vets in light of the fact that the colic was fleeting or settled by the proprietor. Investigations of colic cases seen by vets announced a power of basic hindrance or uncontrollable colic. Impaction colics made up about 10% of cases, and impediment or strangulating sicknesses requiring medical procedure made up from 2-4% of cases. Colleges report that straightforward colic and impaction colics are the most generally revealed. At the point when a particular gut area can be recognized by veterinarians, the enormous colon is the most regularly influenced, trailed by small digestive tract, caecum and little colon individually. Ailments which cause strangulation (turned gut) have the most noteworthy casualty rate-with the enormous colon torsions being more typical than small digestive tract torsions. Colic is liable for additional passings in ponies than some other infection aside from mature age. In ordinary homestead horse populaces, horse mortality from a wide range of colic was 0. 7 passings for every 100 pony years, with a colic case casualty pace of 6. 7%. Hazard Factors For Colic In some colic cases the reason might be apparent, for example, in grain over-burden, however even in these cases, the specific system which starts the issue is frequently obscure. By taking a gander at realized hazard factors we can start to lessen the rate by taking out conceivable hazard factors. There are interior and outside hazard factors for colic: Breed While no variety is invulnerable to colic, a few examinations propose that Arabian ponies have more colic scenes, while some different investigations recommend that Thoroughbreds have more. Standardbreds and Warmbloods will in general have increasingly inguinal hernias because of the expanded size of their inguinal ring. Age Young and more seasoned ponies have all the earmarks of being less in danger of straightforward colic, so moderately aged ponies are most in danger. Weanlings and yearlings are well on the way to endure ileocaecal intussusceptions. Diet has for some time been accused for colic. Course roughage with low edibility or especially coarse fiber is seen to cause impaction colic. Grain over-burden fundamentally expands the danger of colic and laminitis. Feeds, for example, lavish clover and rich field have been ensnared in causing swell. Data on taking care of here When researched by controlled investigations, expanded measures of grain, and changes in the sort of feed and grain took care of during the year both expanded the chances of colic contrasted with ponies without grain or changes in feed. One investigation additionally revealed that day by day taking care of concentrate from 2. to 5kg/day and 5kg/day to grown-up ponies expanded the danger of colic by 4. 8 and 6. multiple times separately, contrasted with ponies took care of no concentrate. Strikingly, controlled examinations affirm that pellet feeds and sweet feeds were related with an expanded danger of colic contrasted with no grain took care of or single grain abstains from food. Grain counts calories a re likewise known to diminish the water content in the colon substance because of a decline in fiber which ties to water in the colon. Grain counts calories are additionally known to go through the stomach considerably more quickly than sinewy eating regimens. Grain in the eating regimen builds gas creation, and is considerably more prone to deliver a domain required for swell and intestinal removals. The pony stomach is generally little, and is intended to take in little amounts of food regularly. Ponies are herbivores, and normally spend an enormous piece of the day brushing, constantly taking in little amounts of food. At the point when increasingly escalated administration, including work and preparing projects, corralling, and taking care of 2-3 times day by day, happens, the typical taking care of propensities for ponies are upset to fluctuating degrees. Escalated penning and work frequently require higher vitality levels in feedstuffs to permit the pony to adapt to expanded work prerequisites. You read Pony Colic in class Papers The higher vitality levels are given by high grain and pack segments in the apportion, regularly at the danger of lessening roughage and fiber levels to lacking volumes. The pony stomach related framework is intended to use roughage and fiber, and any lack of fiber will bring about stomach related unsettling influences, including colics. It is profoundly essential to proceed with customary taking care of propensities for ponies, keeping up normal feed volumes and taking care of interims. Try not to work ponies hard after a full feed. Never give huge amounts of food to a pony not acclimated with it. Make taking care of changes continuously. Try not to permit an overheated pony to drink cold water until it has chilled adequately, or the virus water will more likely than not incline the pony to colic. Water ponies before taking care of. Permit access to water again following taking care of. Ponies incline toward spotless, new water accessible consistently. A pony will drink somewhere in the range of 22 to 68 liters of water every day, contingent upon climate conditions, diet and remaining task at hand. Try not to take care of ponies legitimately off the ground, particularly in sandy or fine rock districts, as the take-up of sand will incline ponies to sand colics and impactions. Maintain a strategic distance from abrupt feed changes. These will quickly prompt colic in many ponies. Mildew covered feeds, for example, feed, are conceivably savage to ponies, and normally cause colic. Check feed altogether, particularly any rich, wet feed which may have been baled while excessively wet. Never feed mildew covered roughage to ponies. Condition Management Housing and restriction on ranches in the Virginia study were not chance variables for colic. It does anyway appear to be sensible that adjustments in diet or taking care of routine are related with danger of colic. Absolutely huge pony properties report that the everyday practice of taking care of grain subsequent to being acquired from field to pens expands the colic hazard †explicitly for swell and relocations. Adjusting this daily practice by keeping ponies turned out in the wake of taking care of grain diminishes the pace of colic. Correspondingly, when feed is accessible to ponies on rich field, the roughage will be expended as a major aspect of the eating regimen and colic rate is diminished. Sand colic and impactions are seen where ponies touch on pastures developed on sandy soils, or where ponies are compelled to eat off the ground with overwhelmingly sand or fine rock. Past colic Horses with a background marked by colic are at higher hazard for more colic scenes Parasites Internal parasites are identified with expanded colic chances in numerous examinations. Gut hindrances due to ascarids in foals, tapeworm related colic and strongyle contaminations have all been accounted for as causing colics. Numerous reports affirm a reduction in colic in the wake of controlling little strongyle contaminations on properties with beforehand high colic rates. Tapeworm invasions have been identified with expanded colic, explicitly with colic related with infections of the ileum and caecum including expanding the pace of genuine intussusception at the ileocaecal area. The general utilization of ivermectin throughout the most recent 20 years has seen a decrease in reports of colic related with apoplexy of the cranial mesenteric supply route due to Strongylus vulgaris hatchlings. Pregnancy Mares are accounted for to have a higher danger of colic by colon removal during late pregnancy and lactation, especially from 60 to 150 days subsequent to foaling. The real purposes behind this are not known, yet calcium levels and changes in diet remembering increments for vitality because of the more significant levels of packs in the eating routine to help lactation might be identified with the expanded hazard. Exercise Racehorses, occasion ponies and perseverance ponies all have

Schwarzkopf, H. Norman

Schwarzkopf, H. Norman Schwarzkopf, H. Norman (Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr.), 1934â€"2012, U.S. army general, b. Trenton, N.J. He graduated from West Point (1956) and served two tours of duty in the Vietnam War, the first (1965â€"66) as an adviser and the second (1969â€"70) in command of an infantry battalion. He was twice wounded in the war and decorated with three Silver Stars, three Bronze Stars, and the Distinguished Service Medal. In 1983, he was deputy commander of the U.S. invasion of Grenada . As commander in chief (1988â€"92) of the U.S. Central Command (responsible for the Middle East and Africa), Schwartzkopf led U.S. and Western forces in the successful allied invasion of Iraq in the First Persian Gulf War (1991). He retired from the U.S. Army in 1992 as a four-star general. See his autobiography (1992, with P. Petre); N. Friedman, Desert Victory (1991); M. R. Gordon, The Generals' War (1995). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Analysis Of The Book Cold Mountain - 1155 Words

Symbolism is the idea of representing things by using symbols or devoting things with a symbolic meaning or character. Symbolism can range from something miniscule or even something broad to something very specific, as long as it has some connection with something else or someone else. Charles Frazier, author of Cold Mountain, exemplifies quite a few examples of symbolism. From the crows to the roads, and even the title itself, the novel shows show many different points of symbolism. As the book goes on, the amount of symbolism appears, making the character and the symbolism more understand and attention grabbing towards the reader making them not want to put the book down. When people think crows they think annoying black birds that try to steal food from gardens, but in Cold Mountain, it is a big part of the story, as well as a reoccurring symbol within the novel. The reader first reads about the crows right when the book begins, when Inman was younger and in school. When he was j ust a little kid in school, he was being mischievous and decided to throw his hat out the window, but when it landed it took a shape of something. â€Å"It landed far out across the playground at the edge of the hayfield and rested there black as the shadow of a crow squatted on the ground† (Frazier 5). In this quote, it is odd that a young age he sees a crow just from a hat, but it does show early on, that there is some sort of connection between Inman and crows. Although the first instance of theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Cold Mountain 1296 Words   |  6 PagesCharles Frazier’s first novel, Cold Mountain, has earned him a great amount of notoriety. From having a film adaptation of his novel in 2003, to receiving a National Book Award in fiction in 1997. Cold Mountain opens with a quotation from a journal entry by Charles Darwin: â€Å"It is difficult to believe in the dreadful but quiet war of organic beings, going on in the peaceful woods and smiling f ields.† And indeed, Frazier’s acclaimed novel describes a war of beings built of flesh and blood–of courseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Cold Mountain By Charles Frazier1002 Words   |  5 PagesHannah Brown Mrs. Dittmar American History First Quarter Book Report (Cold Mountain) 9 October 2014 Cold Mountain a novel written by Charles Frazier, the book gets it’s name from a town that Inman and Ada two of the most important characters meet up in. This novel takes place in 1864, about three years after the Civil War had began. The Civil War starts for a few reasons, but the biggest reason was slavery. Throughout the story Frazier explains the hardships of the Confederate troops. Inman whoRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Cold Mountain 1298 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis Charles Frazier’s first novel, Cold Mountain, has earned him a great amount of notoriety. From having a film adaptation of his novel in 2003, to receiving a National Book Award in fiction in 1997. Cold Mountain opens with a quotation from a journal entry by Charles Darwin: â€Å"It is difficult to believe in the dreadful but quiet war of organic beings, going on in the peaceful woods and smiling fields.† And indeed, Frazier’s acclaimed novel describes a war of beings built of fleshRead MoreEssay on Main Themes in The Green Mile1473 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the main themes in â€Å"The Green Mile† is death. It encapsulates the whole novel, leaving the reader to think deeply about their fate. It’s an obvious theme, considering the story takes place on death row. However, further analysis reveals a deeper meaning than men dying in the electric chair for their crimes. â€Å"And I think about all of us. Walking our own green mile; each in our ow n time.†(Pg 434) Paul said. The reader will discover that the Green Mile itself is a metaphor for death. Paul comparedRead MoreEssay on Mountains More Dangerous than Everest1156 Words   |  5 Pageshardest mountain in the world to climb and other mountains that pose greater challenges. Everest to one would be seen as dangerous because the height is very intimidating. When first told of the mountain height being 29,029 feet, people automatically assume that is what defines a mountain as challenging. Hence to the public and non-climbers, Everest is a treacherous mountain. Also, the first time climbers of Everest consider it dangerous because one will always remember the dangers the mountain posedRead MoreThe Seventh Tower1231 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: The Seventh tower The Fall Author: Garth Nix Type: Science Fiction Publication date: 2000 Number of Pages: 195 Plot Summary This book is a Science fiction book that is the fist of a series of books called The Seventh Tower. It starts out with a boy by the name of Tal Graile-Rarem receiving word that his dad was missing on a mission that he was doing for the queen. And that is when every thing goes down hill. This is because his dad has the only good sunstone that will allowRead MoreBulgaria Essay1353 Words   |  6 Pages​Bulgaria is a very interesting country from the Black sea to the Balkan mountain range. In this paper I will discuss the complex terrain, urban terrain, key infrastructure and how it affects the people of Bulgaria. I will also be addressing the military history and how it helped shape the culture. Finally we will cover weather analysis and civil considerations following the layout of ASCOPE (area, structure, capabilities, organizations, people, and events). ​The country of Bulgaria has an areaRead MoreThe Great Warming By Brian Fagan1073 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Warming is a book written by Brian Fagan that encompasses the environment and history pertaining to most of the human race between A.D. 800 and 1300. Not only does the book give a new dimension to world history by looking at climate history, but it also provides the reader with an ominous warning of the impact that climate change may have on the human race in the future. Fagan references many civilizations in the book that were affected by the rise in surface temperatures. He goes in depthRead MoreThe Mother Of The Novel Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1202 Words   |  5 Pagesnightmares about her deceased child that would prove to be, what seems, a substantial influence to her writings. One dream in particular was recorded in her journal, saying that, â€Å"Dream that my little baby came to life again--that it had only been cold and that we rubbed it before the fir e and it lived† (Bulkeley). Shelley’s anxieties about not being able to produce healthy children could easily be seen in Frankenstein as a lonely scientist creates a creature by unnatural means. However, these dreamsRead MoreHot and Cold: Warmth in Poetry Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesHot and Cold: Warmth in Poetry Poetry is one of the more mysterious denizens of the literary world. A poem can be anything, from a three-lined poem known as a haiku to a giant epic poem like the â€Å"The Odyssey.† They can be rhyming or non-rhyming, long or short, sensible or nonsensical. Even lyrics in songs can be considered poetry, seeing as how they are rhyming and flow so well. The parameters for a poem are wide, the requirements few; but no matter what style or author you read, from Homer to Doctor

The Black Death Annotated Bibliography - 1271 Words

The Black Death Caleb Alexander World History Mrs. Johnson Oct, 10, 2014 The Black Death The Black Death was one of the most life-changing pandemics in history. It was first discovered 550 years later in the 1800s by Alexandre Yersin, a french biologist. In his honor, the plague was named Yersinia Pestis. The plague traveled in two major ways. Yersin discovered that it traveled by infected fleas; the flea would attempt to feed on a human or animal and would then regurgitate the disease into the new host, further spreading the illness. Urban areas across Europe were populous with rats, which were one of the main hosts of the plague. These rodents spread the Black Death throughout cities in days. The unaffected still were not safe if they did not come in contact with an infected flea or rat. The plague also traveled pneumonically, or through the air. It caused large boils full of blood and pus, which would pop and spread. Another symptom was coughing, which was one of the many ways of proliferation. The disease eventually spread throughout Europe and killed a t hird of it’s population. It’s wrath caused many shortages, loss in hope, riots, and even some good things, such as many changes in art, science, and education. Therefore, the Black Death was one of the most life-changing pandemics in history. In the early 1300s, life in Europe was completely normal. The plague had yet to even be a thought in their minds. Many people had heard a rumorShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Dream In The Black Cat1146 Words   |  5 PagesWith this in mind, it is irrational for a person to find the person of their dreams—the wife in â€Å"The Black Cat†Ã¢â‚¬â€then hit them with an axe and seal them into a wall. The narrator does this to his wife. The narrator claims that it was â€Å"a series of mere household events† and that â€Å"from [his] infancy [he] was noted for the docility and humanity of [his] disposition† (Poe 349). Murder is not a mere household event, and â€Å"[t]he narrator cannot understand tha t his assault upon another person derives fromRead MoreThe American Dream By Lorraine Hansberry1570 Words   |  7 Pagesdream due to their race. Most African Americans during the 1950’s made significantly less money than White Americans. â€Å"The average black household income in 1955 ($2,890) was 55 percent of that of white households ($5,228)† (Fuller par. 4). This difference in income was because of the jobs that were open for colored individuals. Like Mama, Ruth and Walter, most Blacks had service jobs that usually served Whites. For instance, Walter is a chauffeur for a white man. This low paying job barely allowsRead MoreA Brief Note On Wrongful Conviction And Criminal Justice System1167 Words   |  5 PagesBarry Neufeld, has uncovered case after case of wrongful conviction. Certainly, the studies of wrongful conviction have been able to generate press coverage especially when the findings tell the story of an innocent defendant who narrowly escaped a death sentence. Due to the fact that much of the American public assumes that it is not at risk for a wrongful conviction, few of those stories have â€Å"legs† to breed sufficient interest in reform. In this assumption the public is correct. NotwithstandingRead More voodoo Essay1573 Words   |  7 Pages Could Voodoo be nothing but evil, black magic, and the work of the devil? Is voodoo really an evil religion that sacrifices humans as well as animals to the demonic Gods? When I first did my paper on Voodoo, the first thing that came to my mind was how Hollywood portrayed Voodoo. When people see something on television or at the movies, they believe it to be reality. Undoubtedly, misconceptions will occur, and unless people are shown evidence against the delusions, it will be taken as fact. I thin kRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On The Holocaust1275 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Introduction to the Holocaust. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Council, n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2016. Summary: This article was an introduction to the Holocaust. The German Nazi’s thought that the Jews were a community. Not only the Jews were targeted, anyone with a racial inferiority was targeted. For example, although the Jews were the main threat the gypsies, Jehovah’s witnesses, and homosexuals and the disabled were also targetedRead MoreWings of Desire and Antigone: Conflicts and Opposites Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated Bibliography MacKay, L.A. Antigone, Coriolanus and Hegel. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 93 (1962): 166-174. Web. 19 Mar 2012. JSTOR http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/283759?uid=2uid=4sid=47698786493307 The author, LA MacKay through this article has provided a comprehensive insight into the themes of revolt and conflict illustrated through the characters and sentiments of the play, Antigone and therefore proves to be a valuable resourceRead MoreRace, Class And Gender1032 Words   |  5 Pagesprisoners, we will explore how authorities, such as prison guards, behave towards prisoners, and vice versa. For many indigenous scholars, the cause of oppression is colonial patriarchy (Baldry and Cunnenn 2014). We will investigate cases of Indigenous deaths in custody. By services, we look at the various options that the criminal justice system provides to ‘reform’, ‘rehabilitate’ and ‘reintegrate’ prisoners. Key issues surrounding this is includes whether our existing methods truly work and ‘genderRead MoreOverview. Octavia Butler’S Kindred Focuses On The Perspective1731 Words   |  7 PagesOverview Octavia Butler’s Kindred focuses on the perspective of a black female within two drastically different societies ranging from the ideals of colonialism to a society of change and acceptance. Butler utilizes Dana’s position in society to portray the cruelty of slavery and the power that society can have on the ideals and morals of individuals, such as the developing character of Rufus. Throughout the book, the issue of slavery is addressed through a multitude of different themes that spanRead MorePolice Brutality : Corey Jones Case1568 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality Corey Jones Case Davon Key Crititcal Thinking and Communication 1201-06 Professor DuCloux 4 April 2016 In October of 2015 in Palm Beach County Florida a young African American was shot to death though he had caused no harm. After performing at a concert, Corey Jones was headed home and while traveling on I-95 his car broke down and he was stranded on the side of the road. While stranded he contacted his brother to notify him of the situation. He then contactedRead MoreThe American And European Discourse Around The Charlie Hebdo Shootings1472 Words   |  6 Pagesof Muhammad. Authorities in Denmark foiled plans to attack the newspaper and murder cartoonist Kurt Westergaard, who had drawn the images. The Charlie hebdo shootings, however, did not end without bloodshed. Two masked gunmen, dressed entirely in black and armed with Kalashnikovs, entered the building, killing a guard and a guest. They then barged into a meeting and separated the men from the women. They then began calling out names and, taking precise, professional aim, began to execute specific

Vernon God Little Free Essays

Explore how DBC Pierre displays his ideas to shock the audience in Vernon God Little. Vernon God Little, written by DBC Pierre, is a satirical novel based around a massacre at a high school in Texas in which some of the students got possession of a gun and murdered some of their teachers and fellow students. The novel is about a boy called Vernon who is best friends with the main killer, Jesus. We will write a custom essay sample on Vernon God Little or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vernon is framed as an accessory to murder and the story line follows the down fall of his life. There are lots of features of the novel that come across as very shocking to the readers. For example in chapter seven, when Vernon visit’s a psychiatrist; Dr Goosens, he puts full trust into him, because he has a well-known profession. The psychiatrist goes on to violate Vernon which, in a way, makes Vernon loose all trust in everyone, because if he doesn’t feel safe around a doctor, he doesn’t know if he will feel safe around anyone. Especially when almost everyone he used to trust has turned against him to try and frame him as an accessory to murder. The passage in chapter seven uses grotesque imagery; â€Å"His breathing quickens with the march of his fingers, they trace a tightening circle around the rim of my hole. † and â€Å"a cool finger invades me†. This shocks the readers because it is disturbing and because Dr Goosens is a doctor and is in a position of trust and is not expected to break this trust. DBC Pierre does this because the novel is satirical and he tries to inform the audience that people are not everything they seem and you ‘can’t read a book by it’s cover‘. A shocking character in Vernon God Little is the journalist, Lally Ledesma. We begin to see Lally’s true colours as we progress through the novel as he becomes almost unbearable. At the beginning of the book, Lally is first presented when he is trying to interview Vernon on the massacre. Throughout the novel, he does many shocking things. For example, he uses Vernon’s mum and builds a relationship with her, just so he can get on the inside of Vernon’s life and get a good story on him for the newspapers. Vernon knows that this is what Lally wants, but his mum won’t believe him because she’s in love with Lally. 1. Ella Bouchard – chapter 13, Vernon uses her as a prostitute. 2. Taylor – Uses Vernon and sets him up so she can get money 3. Mum – doesn’t care about anything important, just the look, fridges and her friends 4. Shock is to build up the satirical effect, and takes the mic out of america 5. Everyone wants to meet the american dream, 6. At the end, say if you think it is too shocking or not, and why you think DBC Pierre wrote it like this. 3. Vernon’s mum has her heart set on reaching the American dream, the dream that everyone is equal, and everyone has a good job, nice house and big happy family. She doesn’t want to know about what is happening to Vernon and she is very blase towards it, because all she cares about is what she and her family looks like to her friends and the public. This is shocking to the audience of Vernon God Little because it’s not something they’d expect to happen. The audience would expect Vernon’s mum to be worried about her son and trying everything in her power to get him out of jail and out of being taken to court, but instead she is in bed with Lally Ledesma, who is using her, and worrying about what fridge to buy to impress her friends. 6. Overall, I think that Vernon God Little is very shocking. DBC Pierre wrote Vernon God Little in shocking ways for a very important reason. He wanted the audience to realize that everything is not as it seems and society can be out of order at times. He also wanted them to think about if they were following the ‘American dream’ or whether it’s all a big lie and there’s no such thing. The novel might come across as unbearably shocking, but that is one feature of a satirical novel. The shock helps to reflect the fact that it is just a big joke and is trying to make a joke of American society. How to cite Vernon God Little, Papers

Charles Dickens Essay, The Noble Savage Example For Students

Charles Dickens Essay, The Noble Savage Look carefully at the opening chapters of Hard Times and explore Dickens attitude towards education and how this refers his concern for society. Charles Dickens Hard Times was written in 1842. He was born Feb 7, 1812 in the Victorian times, at the time of a massive educational debate. Dickens, even as a young child was a romantic, he had strong views against Victorian education and the way children were taught, he felt it reflected the way society was developing. He thought everyone should have equal chances in life and believed education was the foundation of life and it determined the outcome of a persons life. In Hard Times, Dickens relates to things much more than this, he gets his point across about his views on romanticism and rationalism. Romanticism emphasises the importance of emotion, imagination, freedom and beauty and rationalism is quite the opposite, looking at everything in a logical and scientific eye. This assignment will explore Dickens attitudes and beliefs towards education and how it reflects his concern for society. From chapter 1, The One Thing Needed Dickens opens the novel with Gradgrinds own words, from the start he is already beginning to establish the type of man Gradgrind is. He opens with, Now, what I want is, Facts. Surprisingly, Dickens gives the word Facts a capital letter, he is making it a proper noun from a common noun, which suggests how important facts are to Gradgrind which relates to his rationalist nature. Also, the use of commas after Now and is is clever, as Gradgrind has to pause in his opening sentence, it catches attention and creates a sense of control, which also indicates facts are powerful. Dickens has defined Gradgrind as a rationalist. By saying, Nothing but Facts, he emphasises the point that facts are the only important thing to Gradgrind, and Nothing but tells us that facts is all he intends to know and teach. Dickens repeats the word Facts throughout the opening paragraph. He has done this to get the idea across to the Victorian reader. The idea that facts are all that is needed, and all Gradgrind is dependent on. This relates to Rationalism and how Dickens presents it to the reader in a sceptical way. He is putting the point across that children were taught this way in the Victorian period, proving his concern on how education was developing. Continuing in chapter 1, Dickens describes the classroom as plain, bare, monotonous vault. This implies the classroom is colour-less, empty and lacks characteristics. It is a dull environment and therefore has nothing to stimulate the pupils. The word monotonous means all the same; nothing changes and is boring. Dickens uses that word to describe the classroom, in which to describe Gradgrinds rationalist environment. The quote describes a room where things are locked away, as he uses the word vault which indicates no way of escape and therefore the pupils are trapped in Gradgrinds dingy, joyless, rationalist room. Dickens is implying that there is something lacking in rationalism, something missing, and puts this point across throughout his novel. He does this because he wants the audience to know how he feels about how the way children were taught in the Victorian Period. He wants the reader to know how strongly he feels about rationalist and romantic behaviour, and by using the words I have quoted on, proves Dickens is trying to do just that. Dickens uses the words, His eyes found commodious cellarage in two dark caves to describe Gradgrinds eyes. This makes Gradgrind seem dark and cold as he has used words such as cellarage and caves. Dickens has described his eyes as commodious cellarage, this gives the impression Gradgrinds eyes are deep set and spacious, as if he has something to hide behind them. As commodious means spacious, it implies Gradgrind can hide his personality and emotions behind his eyes as it emphasises space. Cellarage could also be known as dark and underground, eyes are a window to personality, but Dickens has made Gradgrind seem that his eyes are dark and therefore hard to look through, and to see any emotions or feelings going on at all. .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc , .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc .postImageUrl , .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc , .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc:hover , .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc:visited , .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc:active { border:0!important; } .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc:active , .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0302c44dcdce03d09f1705ec1c1e0ffc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An Unexpected Encounter EssayHe does this because he is trying to define Gradgrind as a rationalist, and not even Gradgrinds own emotions can change this. Dickens is describing rationalism is such a negative way; he is doing this as he wants the reader to completely disapprove of rationalism. Dickens also uses the words Mouth wide, thin, and hard set. Wisely, Dickens uses these words which implies that Gradgrind doesnt smile, which tells us he is cold-hearted and has no feelings behind him. He uses the word thin which gives off an impression that his mouth is closed off, as his lips are thin and can be unnoticeable. Dickens describes him this way as rationalists have no imaginable feelings and therefore no reason to smile. He also states his mouth is hard set, by saying this Dickens implies that Gradgrinds mouth is inflexible, set like concrete and all that comes out of it is bitter and objective sentences full of facts. It gives the impression he is a stern man; controllable and bossy, which is the point Dickens is trying to get across. Gradgrind wants to drum facts into the pupils minds; he is in control over what they learn and therefore this reflects on his rationalism.

A college education is importa... free essay sample

A college education is important because its a path to a successful future for serious individuals. College education is importanlty for men, women and everyone in the world. In my opinion, having a college education set you aprt from the rest of the world. With a college education, your appearance is more intelligent as compared to when you were just a high school graduate. When you become,intelligent you will have a high quality of life than in your past. College education helps people puzzle out problems in a civilized way. They also learn how to avoid disagreements with friends, family and even strangers. As a result, college students are able to live a trouble-free life. When college students associate with new people from other countries, they learn more about diversity and cut out some stereotypes related to some cultures. Additionally, in college students can improve their careers. Your level of education is often major to future success. We will write a custom essay sample on A college education is importa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Achieving advanced levels of education proves that you have the commitment to learn and apply information to your goals. One of the most important benefits of college is getting your master s, ph. D. To increase your earning potential. When you go to college you get more job opportunities. In 2016 bureau of labor statistics proved that 37% of occupations require a college degree. A college education is very needed in our current society. Occupations now are becoming harder to get, and with the growth of the uneducated population. In order to strive for your full potential in your future career, you should know as much knowledge as possible to be educated. College is an experiment before moving into a career. When youre in college you have a lot of fun like meeting new people, going to parties and doing sports these things help you socially in a college environment. College helps you with your skills such as communication language, presentation, negotiating, research and critical thinking which helps you mentally. Some people will say why go to college when you can find that on the internet this is true but college helps you figure out rich information from poor information. College helps you understand the type of world we live in, expressing yourself in discussing groups and listening to others with a different perspective in real life will help you understand where other people come from and why they believe what they believe interacting together as one will enhance you to understand their situation and the other way around they will understand you. Its important to go to college because of money. Some people will say money doesnt make you happy this is true but how many people do you know are unhappy because they have money and how many people do you think that is in the world are happy because they dont have money. If your the type of p erson that has low self-esteem money can help you improve your life and make you happier. The more education you have to more secure jobs. Education is more than just math,reading and science its also about the capability to judge. College education is one of most influential aspects of society. Education gives individuals the chance to grow personally and increase their knowledge in a specific field . College enable students to think objectively. Leaving high school, young people do not have their own opinion about different aspects of their life since they have always been what to do and think by their parents and teacher. Gaining and building knowledge is another reason that make college attractive to most people nowadays. Colleges are educational institution that possess the greater academic sources such as book,magazines,journals,etc about specialized areas and domains that will give students the opportunity to remain in the topics they are mastering and learning additionally, professor are a great source of knowledge and experience. They are the ones who guide students and help them construct their own knowledge based on their information and expertise. College empowers individuals to think by themselves and make their own conclusions about what happens in the world. Secondly , students will exposed to a wider range of academic content that will help them discuss between what they agree with or not whether they are in agreement with something.

Army Enlisted Rank Structure Essays

Army Enlisted Rank Structure Essays Army Enlisted Rank Structure Essay Army Enlisted Rank Structure Essay Army every thin up to SSP is dependent on time in service and time in grade. Once you want to go from SSP to SST, or SST to ASS you need to go too board and have a certain amount of points. The pints are based on you PET scores, how well you do in the Board, your weapons qualification, your Correspondence classes on line, Civilian education, awards and Military schools. The Board is a sort of review, where you stand In front of all the first sergeants In o battalion and you battalion SST Major. They ask you question pertaining to things like common knowledge, leadership and MOSS knowledge based on what your MOSS Is. Your scored on how well you do, you can earn as many as 150 points. The maximum amount of points that you can earn Is 798 which Is also the maximum number of points that they can have for being promoted. If you have a star MOSS the point are usually at 350 which In the rumbling amount of point a soldier can have to be promoted. Star Mosss are Mosss thats personnel numbers are really low or that the nutrition rate is really hi. Once you want to go to SF you need to submit a packet that is reviewed by the DOD if you selected to be promoted your put on a list. They only promote so many at a time. So you have to wait for your name to come out before you know that youre being promoted. After SF your promotion is based on a selection process and whether or not the need someone with your background and MOSS for a certain a aster sergeant position or if they want to give you a company of your own. If youre in charge of a company youre a First Sergeant if youre not youre a master sergeant. To move on to sergeant major I believe that you have to have been a first sergeant and then to move on to command sergeant major the highest enlisted rank you need to have had so much time as a sergeant major. Then to move on after that is all based on your record and how well youve done with various commands.

News Corp's Buyout of BSkyB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

News Corp's Buyout of BSkyB - Essay Example It will be pertinent to take a note of Rupert Murdoch's British operations, which started a way back in 1969 when the Mirror group wanted to relinquish from its mid-market daily newspaper The Sun. It is precisely at this time when Murdoch acquired it and made it thumping success with the passage of time by selling three million copies per day. Murdoch's control on the print media of UK became more prominent when he acquired The Times and The Sunday Times from Canadian publisher. During the time Murdoch's UK based satellite network Sky television was making huge losses which compelled him to agree for a merger with British Satellite Broadcasting in 1990. The merged company came to be known as BSkyB which is now considered to be the most dominating company in the British pay-TV market. When seen in the above perspective, the news of proposed buyout of BSkyB by Murdoch’s News Corp has far-reaching implications as it may facilitate a near monopolistic control to Murdoch on print a nd electronic media of UK. The point to be noted here is that BBC and other competing media groups have raised their opposition to the deal. It is not surprising that Business Secretary Vince Cable had to bow down on public uproar and ask Ofcom to investigate the matter on the media plurality issues that may arise after this proposed takeover by News Corp. European Union’s antitrust competition regulator also plunged into action to investigate the matter on the grounds of competition. It will be worthwhile to go through some of the important developments that have taken place in the last few months regarding this complete control and take over issue of News Corp. (Prodhan, Georgina et al 2010) The European Commission The European Commission gave its report in the third week of December, 2010 approving the proposed acquisition of BSkyB by News Corporation. The commission in its report concluded that the said transaction of complete control of BSkyB by News Corp is not going to hinder the competition in the European Economic Area (EEA). Its findings were only restricted to the competition aspects and has nothing to do with the proposed investigation carried out by UK regulatory body on media plurality aspect to protect legitimate interest of British nationals. It is pertinent to note here that media plurality assessment and competition assessment are two different areas of investigation. The Competition assessment mainly focuses on whether consumer would be facing any hike in the pricing structures or any forced featureless offerings. On the other hand, the issues related to the media plurality are concerned with the role played by media in relation to the democratic fabric of the various institutions and further their capacity to influence them in their own interests, which may be in the long run detrimental to the health of country. The European Union’s antitrust commission’s main findings are listed as per the following. 1. BSkyB and News Corp are in competition with each other to a limited extent as they are active in different markets in the UK and the Ireland. 2. The commission is of the view that the proposed transaction is not likely to improve substantially BSkyB's existing share of the market in the supply of basic pay-TV channels. 3. Both the parties have a small combined market share in TV advertising hence not going to affect the balancing act in competition concerns. 4. The Commission also investigated the possibility of offering mixed bundles of subscriptions for its print and online versions along with satellite pay channels. The commission is of the view that it will not be possible for the vast majority of newspapers' on line editions are currently free of charge and this equation is not likely

Netflix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Netflix - Research Paper Example It also offers flat rate DVD rental-by-mail in the U.S. Recently, the company has announced its plans for rebranding and restructuring of its DVD home media rental service into an independent subsidiary company called Qwikster, there by completely separating DVD rentals and streaming media (Murph, 2011). Hastings background and education Reed Hastings, the founder and the CEO of Netflix has been the company’s chairperson from the time it was established. Hasting was born October 8, 1960 in Boston, Massachusetts, and is a prominent entrepreneur and education philanthropist. He is married with two children and lives in the San Francisco Bay Area (Hamilton, 2011). He graduated from high school in 1978 from the Buckingham Browne & Nichols School in Cambridge, Massachusetts and for one year, he was a sales person for Rainbow Vacuum Cleaners (BB&N, 2011). Hastings studied mathematics at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine where he was awarded the Smyth Prize in 1981and Hammond Prize in 1983, before graduating with BA in 1983 (Hamilton, 2011). After a short stint with US Marine Corps in 1981, he joined the Peace Corps and taught high school maths in Swaziland from 1983 to 1985, and from his tour of duty, he joined Stanford graduate school, earning a masters degree in computer science in 1988 (Zipkin, 2006). Career, personality and skills After graduation, his first job was at Adaptive Technology, where through his creativity, invented a tool for debugging software. He left Adaptive Technology in 1991 to form his first company, Pure Software that specialized on products for troubleshooting software, and grew rapidly to the extent that he found it challenging to run the company (Zipkin, 2006). The experience from teaching in Swaziland, working at Adaptive Technology, and managing Pure Software made Hastings more determined, focused, and this transformed him from an engineering background to a CEO material. Following its success, Pure Software merged with Atria So ftware in 1996 forming Pure Atria that was acquired by Rationale Software in 1997 prompting Hastings to leave company shortly after the acquisition (Clark, 1997). To sum his personality and skills, Hastings is considered as being intelligent, creative, determined, understanding, analytical and a very charismatic leader, which is a scarce combination (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, p.276). Idea for that led to establishment of Netflix and it improvement For two years after acquisition of his company, he became more engrossed in philanthropic education reform efforts and other sociopolitical reforms. It was during this time that the idea of forming Netflix Inc cropped. One day in 1997, he got late to return a Blockbuster video tape and was fined $40 for the Apollo 13, something that embarrassed him, triggering him to think about the huge market that was available if only a company did not impose huge fine on customers on lateness fees (Abkowitz, 2009). It was then when he began investigat ing on how to establish a movie rental business by mail. In his study, he realized that customers did not like long queues that were found in rental stores, poor selections, process of returning the movie, and the lateness

Economies Of Scale In Airlines Management Essay

Economies Of Scale In Airlines Management Essay Abstract The following report is aimed at examining the economies of scale concept and strategies in the airline industry. This document is divided into several pieces which discuss the impact of the economies of scale on the main aspects of the airline industry. The last section of the document concludes. Introduction The financial aim of firms is to increase the shareholders capital (Atril, P., Mc Laney E., 2008). Business management, then, have to either optimize asset utilization or reduce firms costs. Current economic situation have managed industries to achieve historic levels of asset optimization. Therefore, special emphasis had been put in cost reduction strategies during the last decade (Akan, M., Ata, B., Lariviere, M. A., 2011). Airline companies were one of the industries which suffered, almost immediately, the effect of these new market conditions. To cope with this scenario, the industry implemented several cost saving strategies; among them the economies of scale'(EoS). The following document is aimed at examining the term EoS and analysing how applicable the concept is to major carriers/airlines. The document is divided into eight pieces. The first discusses how the EoS applies to the airline industry. The remained sections comment on how the EoS affects: the airlines purchasing process, managerial procedures, marketing, technology usage, consolidation, and the open skies strategy. The last section concludes. Economies of scale in airlines EoS can be defined as any cost reductions, responding to increased demand for output, moving along a given, downward-sloping long run cost curve (Grieve, R. H., 2010). In other words, the demand allows firms, in this case airlines, to distribute costs over a greater number of products/services. Airlines have put in place several strategies to increase the number of flights. Among them: ticket-selling process optimization, in-flight meal reduction/suppression, alliances, and consolidations (Harvey, G., 2009). EoS concept assumes that increasing returns emerge at the level of the firm. However, some authors claim that EoS does contribute to cost reductions, but turnover growth does not generally manifest itself in this manner. Empirical evidence has shown that EoS only helped those airlines which do not lose their identity when demand increases. That is, Airlines which do not lose the control of the service delivery even they rely in a complex provider structure. Following this train of thought, EoS are of little importance in accounting for increasing returns, since these return rates are attributable to other factors such as external economies or industrial differentiation (Grieve, R. H., 2010). A successful example of EoS implementation is Star Alliance. Star Alliance is a network of 24 member airlines. Lufthansa and United airlines have registered an important growth in its passenger airline group during 2010 (DATAMONITOR, 2010). Whereas, a failed implementation, MexicanaClick, a low cost airline which was property of the second largest Mexican carrier (Mexicana), did not produced the expected results (BBC, 2010). The EoS effects in purchasing processes The implementation of EoS has forced airlines to change their business model. Traditionally, ticket selling was made in two main forms: over the airline counter or via an agent. Information Technologies (IT) have modified this process. Customer can directly make reservations and buy tickets without by themselves. Therefore, ticket agents have evolved to electronic system which provided the function of searching, reserving, and selling tickets making the purchasing process more accurate, fast, and reliable (Singh, A.Kr., Das, D., 2010). In the same manner, EoS has managed airlines to establish stronger relationships with their suppliers. For instance, the supply IT systems have allow airlines to avoid intermediaries in the requisition of resources since mid 80s, therefore, their logistic costs have decreased (Caves, D. W., et al, 1984). Investments in these matters have allowed Lufthansa to be the third largest airlines of Europe, and the worlds fifth largest airline in terms of overall passengers (Singh, A.Kr., Das, D., 2010). EoS and managerial procedures Outsourcing is the most recurrent strategy of the EoS. By outsourcing activities, the airline allows market forces to reduce the costs of subcontractors who offer for the business (Harvey, G., 2009). However, some author claim that high specialization, in providers, jeopardize business continuity of the outsourced firm (Grieve, R. H., 2010). Nowadays, airline employees are based in different parts of the world, sometimes in places where salaries and benefits are lower than their airline-home based colleagues. In this manner, airlines have also relocated business functions to take advantage of lower wages and social charges incurred in some countries. For instance, British Airways relocated its ticket processing function to New Delhi (Harvey, G., 2009). EoS and marketing Marketing function has also been affected by EoS. Alliances have switched this function to major airlines. Major airlines are responsible for the marketing trips for routes which are composed of international and local courses. In this manner, major companies deliver the international legs of the trip and regional airlines the local ones. When the complete journey is made by two major companies, the role of major and regional firms are switched. That is, the airline which delivers the international leg is responsible for the marketing duties of that trip and vice versa. Additionally, these functions are, most of the times, outsourced. The flight Atlanta-Barcelona is a good example. British Airways is responsible for the marketing of that route, but it only delivers the track from Atlanta to London. The second leg, London-Barcelona is delivered by Iberia; whereas in the route Barcelona-Atlanta, these functions are switched (Wright, C. P., et al, 2010). In the case of regional or small companies, marketing function is totally absorbed by the major company, since regional/small firms do not have the required infrastructure to perform this task (Forbes, S. J., Lederman, M., 2010). Technology in airlines IT systems are the most popular EoS strategy. They have not only changed the airlines purchasing process, but also have optimized the occupation and improved the communication with providers (Pilarski, A., 2005). However, that is not enough. Energy represents one of the biggest costs of the airlines. Air France-KLM and Air China reported that fuel costs accounted for almost 39% of its global costs in the fiscal year 2009 (DATAMONITOR, 2010). Thus, better engine technology, logistic, and route planning system will help the airlines to reduce these costs. Airlines have not been able to apply EoS to aircraft technology since they have a higher dependency in two main providers: Airbus and Boeing (DATAMONITOR, 2010). Generally speaking, the whole industry efficiency depends upon technological advances and cost improvement that these two companies may achieve. Therefore, it can be said that all technology which does not directly depend upon airlines is already optimized. Air France-KLM and Delta are a good example of technological optimization since some of their process like luggage registering and check-in can be done by the customer himself avoiding long queues. Consolidation of the airline industry Consolidation is also a well known EoS strategy. Consolidation is mainly aimed at reducing costs by combining mature and efficient processes into one unique entity (Oum, T. H., et al, 1995). Some authors claim that consolidations make airlines to increase their market share. However, Empirical evidence has shown that market share remains stable. For instance, in the 70s five US airlines controlled 87% of the global market. In 2003, none of these five airlines exist, although the share of the top-10 airlines in all traffic was 86% (Pilarski, A., 2005). On the other hand, consolidations are long and complex processes due to tax and aeronautical regulations. Alliances have been a optional strategy for consolidations. Alliances is formed by any two airlines that exchange interline passengers and that have a proration agreement for the revenue collected from the sale of interline itineraries. In this manner, an airline can expand its destinations and, therefore, increase its revenues. In 2006, 59% of all worldwide available seat miles were flown by airlines belonging to one of the three largest international alliances: Star, SkyTeam, or oneworld. Alliance activity is expected to continue growing (Wright, et al, 2010). Therefore, alliances seem to be the right strategy for the industry. Open skies strategy The open skies strategy consists on allowing airlines to fly within one country, that is, no restriction in local services. In this fashion, an airline may design routes to cover local routes and directly compete with regional firms. The agreement between US and the EU allows airlines to reduce costs of share codes and to improve their costing schema. European airlines which are already consolidated with American ones can operate as one entity, because they do not have restrictions to operate in both regions and vice versa. However, European Court of Justice has found that this agreement is breaking the law, thus, some amendments have to be done to this agreement (Yu-Chun, C., et al, 2009). Open skies strategy is not a direct result of the EoS, but a mean to achieve it. This strategy was created to impulse airline industry in the 1940s. Thus, agreements like that in other regions will allow airlines to reduce their costing schema and to increase their market participation. Conclusions Airline industry is the foundation stone of the current global commerce. Its high efficiency has allowed firms to sell their products in other regions with competitive prices. On the other hand, this industry is a facilitator for some others. Its relevance has been exposed during natural disasters when airports are blocked and products cannot be transported. Current economy cannot be understood without air transportation. The challenge of airlines, now, is to find creative ways to continue their optimization and profitable continuity. Airline industry allows us not only to reach any part of the world, but also to have a competitive and trustable economic system.

Mid-Semester Coursework Assignment

City University of Hong Kong School of Law LW3902 The Law Relating to Companies Mid-Semester Coursework Assignment Semester B, 2012/2013 Instructions to Students: 1. The assignment is worth 50% of the overall mark for this course. The total word limit is 1,500 words, excluding footnotes and bibliography. You must do a word count and indicate the number of words on the cover page. If a paper exceeds the allowable word limit, only the first 1,500 words will be read and marked. 2. Your answers must be double spaced, and typewritten in 12 point, Times New Roman font.Failure to comply with this format will result in a penalty of five (5) marks. 3. Indicate the course code and title, your name, student number, seminar section, and lecturer’s name on the cover page of your assignment. 4. The deadline for submission is Friday 15 March 2013 at 5 pm. Additional instructions on the submission of your coursework assignment will be provided to you on Blackboard / in class. 5. You must stri ctly adhere to the policy of City University of Hong Kong on plagiarism, which is a serious academic offence. Suspected plagiarism may be subject to disciplinary action.You may discuss your work with others, but you must provide your own answers. In case of doubt as to what amounts to plagiarism, please consult your lecturer. All coursework assignments will be reviewed on Turnitin for plagiarism and originality. 6. Any sources for your answers must be footnoted in the paper. You should cite authority (i. e. cases and/or statutes) to support your legal arguments, and these sources must be acknowledged. 7. Examples of proper citation: Case: Liu Hon Ying v Hua Xin State Enterprise (HK) Ltd [2003] 3 HKLRD 347 Statute: s. 75(1) of the Companies Ordinance (Cap 32) 8. Extension to the deadline for submitting the assignment may be granted only in exceptional circumstances. Prior to obtaining any extension to the deadline, you must first approach your lecturer well in advance with a reason a nd supporting documentation for the request. 9. Any late submissions without permission will incur a penalty of 5 marks per day. For example, for a 2-day delay, a student’s mark may be reduced from 80 marks to 70 marks. No assignment will be accepted after 22 March 2013. 1Instructions: Answer both questions. Question 1 (50%) Lee used to work as a chef at Golden Wok of Fortune, a famous dim sum restaurant in Mong Kok, Kowloon. During his employment, Lee gained a lot of experience in the art of making, preparing and serving dim sum. In particular, Lee learnt the secret ingredients for the restaurant’s special sauce, which made its dim sum items so popular. Since he was a child, Lee had dreamed of starting his own dim sum business, and after many years of dedicated service to Golden Wok of Fortune, Lee decided to leave the restaurant.However, Lee’s employment contract with the restaurant contained a non-competition clause which forbade him from setting up a competi ng dim sum business in Mong Kok within 1 year of termination of employment. It also contained a confidentiality clause which prohibited him from disclosing the ingredients of any recipes that Lee had learnt in the course of his employment. To circumvent these restrictions, Lee incorporated a catering company called Fragrant Kitchen Ltd. specializing in the preparation and sale of dim sum items for office parties and other special events.The head office of the company was based in Shatin, but had branches located in Mong Kok and Tsim Sha Tsui. Lee appointed himself CEO of the company, and was the only director and shareholder. The products of Fragrant Kitchen Ltd. were very popular because of its special sauce, which tasted suspiciously similar to that of Golden Wok. Lee also embarked on a very successful marketing campaign, with the motto: â€Å"Enjoy excellent dim sum in the comfort of your own office or home. Don’t come to us, we will come to you! Due to the attractive pri ces offered by Lee’s new company, many of Golden Wok’s previous customers stopped patronizing Golden Wok. Golden Wok has since become aware of Lee’s connection with Fragrant Kitchen, and is considering legal action against Lee. Advise Golden Wok. Question 2 (50%) Michael and Joshua, both of whom are freelance interior decorators, decided to go into business together in 1990. Michael contributed HK$500,000, a vehicle and some supplies and equipment to the business. Joshua did not contribute any money or assets, but agreed to work full time for the business.Michael and Joshua did not sign any partnership agreement. In the course of their long collaboration, Michael paid Joshua a monthly wage of HK $16, 000, and also paid himself out of the business bank account. Only Michael had signing authority on the business bank account. Joshua was very dedicated to the business and all of his customers were impressed with his decorating skills. Michael, on the other hand, pl ayed a largely managerial role in the business and left most of the decorating work to Joshua.Michael pocketed 2 all of the profit generated by Joshua’s decorating work, but re-invested some of the money in the business over the years. In 2011, Michael acquired a new office building for the business, which Joshua helped decorate and furnish. In 2013, after 23 years of working side by side, the relationship between the two men began to sour. Joshua now wishes to be acknowledged as a partner and claims to be entitled to 50% of the business’s assets. Does a partnership exist? Advise Joshua. 3

Competency Statement Essay

To advance physical and intellectual competence†¦ It is essential to the growth and development of every child to advance their physical and intellectual needs. Preschool age children have a short attention span. They learn by example, and learn by activities that are interesting to them. I keep their minds fresh by including fun games in the weekly lesson plan that improves their physical, cognitive and creative development. I do this on a daily basis. I sing songs, read books and talk about shapes, colors, numbers and letters. I encourage all children to be active, especially, during outside play. I provide the children with opportunities to develop their upper body strength by rolling balls, swinging, and throwing bean bags. I also focus on running, jumping, and balancing to help strengthen their lower bodies. At the center, we come up with all sorts of active games to build up both gross and fine motor skills. I included a game called â€Å"Sleeping Giants† into my weekly plan that is a combination of pretend play and physical activity. The â€Å"Sleeping Giants† game stimulates imagination and multi-directional movement while strengthening their heart, lungs, muscles, and agility. During the game, children will use their large motor skills to run or jump while listening for me to say â€Å"Sleeping Giants†. When I call out, the children will try their hardest to stay quiet to represent a sleeping giant. Then when I call out â€Å"Walking Giants† the game continues and allows the children to be active and freely express themselves.

Adoption Of Single Parent Households - 1150 Words

Two-thirds of all children in the U.S. will spend some time in a single-parent household before they’re eighteen. In fact, the amount of single-parent families has been steadily increasing in the past few decades. If single-parent households are becoming part of the norm, then why are adoptions by single men and women still facing so much scrutiny? This is a countless amount of people who are trying to adopt as a single parent that are being overlooked by the adoption agencies in favor of married couples. On top of this, single parents that are trying to adopt are faced with scrutiny from society. Singles trying to adopt will be able to provide the same amount of love and money as a married couple so they should be presented with the same opportunities to adopt. There are many children wanting to be adopted, and many singles with the adequate resources to raise a child, and doesn’t make sense to rid a child of a stable home. â€Å"In the U.S., there are 397,122 childre n are living without permanent families in the foster care system. 101,666 of these children are eligible for adoption but nearly 32% of these children will wait over three years in foster care before being adopted. In 2012, 23,396 youth aged out of the U.S. foster care system. Out of these adults, 60% had been convicted of a crime, and only 48% were employed† (â€Å"Facts and Statistics† 1). As these statistics show, there is too vast of a number of children in foster care. Foster care has its negative effects,Show MoreRelatedGay Adoption : Discrimination Against Gay1626 Words   |  7 PagesRomero, Jessica Communication Studies 105 Tuesday, Thursday 8-9:20 a.m. Gay Adoption Introduction Attention getter: Discrimination against gay men and lesbian women has been socially recognized for hundreds of years and still continues today. Homosexuals have adopted children for many years, regardless of fear and prejudice. The controversy of this matter is why homosexuals are not presented the equal fairness of the process and open opportunity as heterosexual couples who seek to adopt or fosterRead MoreBeing A Single Parent Or Not?1456 Words   |  6 Pagesconsisting of two parents rearing their children, a spouse and children. This definition is now challenged, as the years have gone on the way we think and picture a family has changed. It is no longer a married stay at home mom and bread earning dad with their little son and daughter. Now a family can be a single mom, a single dad, a same sex couple or a separated or divorced mother and father with their biological or adopted child or children. Over the years the percentage of single fathers has onlyRead MoreAdoption With Sa me Sex Couples1162 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2017 Adoption with Same-sex Couples Adoption is when a child is removed from their home and are now under protection of another family. They can be related or unrelated to the child. It can be great for children, as they can live a better life than they would have had with their birth parents. The children may have endured abuse or neglect and need to get out of the situation, or the parents could have not thought that they were able to take care of the child. Either way, adoption is made toRead MoreThe Controversy Over Gay Parent Adoption1109 Words   |  4 PagesGay Parent Adoptions Many states laws deny children in foster care, healthy, loving homes simply because of a potential parent’s sexual orientation (Gray, 2006), The catholic church as well as other organization’s oppose gay adoption based upon religious teachings, while others debate the legality of it (Gray, 2006). In today’s society, many children grow up to be emotionally stable and successful whether they have a heterosexual couple as parents or a same sex couple as parents. Gay parent adoptionsRead MoreShould Homosexuals Be Allowed? Adopt?1512 Words   |  7 Pagessame sex marriage what about when homosexuals want to adopt children. In my opinion it is great that homosexuals want to adopt children, because it is not about who they are being raised by. It is all about if the children are being raised with two parents that love and care about them. If someone does not allow a child to be adopted by an homosexual couple it is discrimination. I think everyone should have a family that they care, love, and will cherish for the rest of their lives. In May of 2012Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesBibliography Stone, A.. Both sides on gay adoption cite concern for children. Usa today. Gannett Co. Inc., 2006. Web. 18 Apr 2012 The article is about a couple who is gay having to move in order for both gay parents to get custody of the adopted child. It talks about the statistics of foster care and the number of kids being adopted right now. The numbers are very low and even for gays, its extremely low. It also states that gays are some good candidates for adoption but not being bias towards either sideRead MoreSociological Concepts Of The Family, Marriage, And Intimate Relationships998 Words   |  4 Pages1. Objective – Explain basic sociological concepts of the family, marriage, and intimate relationships. (Pg. 365) The sociological concept for family is a group of people that are related to by decent, marriage, or adoption. Many sociologist view families as a universal social institution that is central to social life, meaning families play a role of how people learn to be social and how their role in a society. Sociologists are interested in studying families because of how families are createdRead MoreComparative Family Policies Same Sex Marriage1006 Words   |  5 Pagesinheritance, employment benefits, pension benefits, adoption and medical insurance coverage benefits, immigration benefits, and also post-divorce benefits and tax advantages. 2 2. Does this country treat gay and lesbian couples differently from co-habiting couples? If so, how? (2 pts) From the legal point of view same-sex couples have the same rights as cohabiting couples in South Africa. They have the same anti-discrimination laws, the same parenting and adoption rights, the same sexual activity rights andRead MoreChildren With The Parent Families1287 Words   |  6 Pagestend to do better in school, are less prone to depression and are more successful in relationships. Children from one-parent families achieve less and get into trouble more than children from two parent families.†( The Consortium for the Study of School Needs of Children from One Parent Families, 1980). Children in single-parent homes are becoming more common now days; more so single mother families, where there is an absent father in the child’s life. Whether the father is present or absent in theRead MoreEssay about Adoption of Children by Same-Sex Couples1324 Words   |  6 PagesTraditionally, a family has been considered to consist of a heterosexual couple and their children, but many forms of family life exist in contemporary society. Homosexual people also form family units, either as single parents or as couples, with children, who are included in the family through a variety of circumstances. Many have children who were born in previous families (Johnson Piore, 2004) and many have children who were born in a previous heterosexual marriages. A gay man or lesbian women

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - 1111 Words

The most cost effective interventions for adults with anxiety disorder appears to be individual forms of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The mean total societal costs were lower for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as compared to Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (Apeldoorn et al, 2014). In particular, self-help books are cost effective compared with other forms of treatment options. Drugs and group based psychological interventions does not appear to be specifically cost effective compared to other treatment options with the exception of a drug known as phenelzine, which was among the most cost effective drug. Some of the least cost effective options are†¦show more content†¦A variety of interventions such as anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines and combination therapies included were not considered in the economic analysis. Benzodiazepines is a drug that cannot be used longer than 2 to 4 weeks to treat anxiety. Clinical evidence on anticonvulsants and combination therapies had an overall low quality and was particular limited. Due to these reasons, the inclusion of these interventions in the analysis would not have significant implications for decision making. A significant limitation of the economic analysis was the poor quality of the recurrence of symptoms data used because of the lack of full bodied evidence of comparative risk of relapse between psychological and pharmacological interventions. Besides, the lack of intervention specific data, the economic model supposed one common risk of relapse employed to all pharmacological interventions and one common risk of relapse across all psychological ones. However, the evidence suggest that in contrast to pharmacological interventions, which has a relatively high relapse risk at six months of maintenance treatment, the psychological interventions is well maintained after end of treatment. Besides, for the economic mod el, the mean probabilities ofShow MoreRelatedBehavioral Therapies : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1752 Words   |  8 PagesFrom the lens of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist, an integrated mix of both cognitive and behavioral approaches is best suited the treatment of clients. All the approaches under Cognitive Behavioral Therapy require several different attributes. Some of them being; the need for a positive working relationship between client and therapist, the belief that distress is a cognitive process, treatment is a focus in changing cognitions to create positive change in mood or behavior. Changing irrationalRead MoreBehavioral Therapy And Cognitive Therapy869 Words   |  4 Pagespaper, I will compare and contrast Group Therapy and Cognitive therapy, more specifically, dialectical behavioral therapy, and the differences between assessment types that clinicians use to determine a diagnosis and therapy that would best benefit their client. In the second part of my paper, I wi ll discuss and address different considerations in which a therapist should make in order to provide a safe and effectively therapeutic environment. Though therapy is a largely utilized form of mental healthRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy2168 Words   |  9 PagesBackground Developed in the mid 1960s by Aaron Beck, the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model theorizes that the interpretation of both external and internal events is biased, and can tap unhealthy underlying beliefs that potentially lead to emotional distress (Beck, 2005). Over the years CBT has accumulated an impressive track record in the treatment of a variety of mood disorders. In 1985, a review of 220 studies using CBT in the treatment of depression concluded that 91% supported the modelRead MoreCognitive Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1447 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy Djiedjorm Doe (Dede) Middlesex Community College Cognitive behavioral therapy, commonly known as CBT, is a systematic process by which we learn to change our negative thought into more positive ones. CBT is a combination of two types of therapy, cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. cognition is our thought, so cognitive behavioral therapy combines working with our thought process and changing our behavior at the same time. Cognitive behavioral therapistsRead MoreCognitive Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1502 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy, in its most modern form, was developed in 1960 by Aaron T. Beck. However, CBT has an interesting history dating back to the 1920s in the United States and even earlier in other parts of the world. â€Å"Precursors of certain fundamental aspects of CBT have been identified in various ancient philosophical traditions, particularly Stoicism. Stoic philosophers, particularly Epictetus, believed logic could be used to identify and discard false beliefs that lead to destructiveRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy And Narrative Therapy1706 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing on in his every day life. The two that we have chosen are Cognitive-behavioral therapy and Narrative therapy. We will look into both of these and also as we do that we will find out what the role of the social worker is in both cases. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help you notice the discouraging thoughts that make you feel bad. These thoughts are sometimes called irrational or automatic thoughts. Using Cognitive-behavioral therapy you can learn to stop these thoughts and replace them with helpfulRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy And Narrative Therapy1706 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing on in his every day life. The two that we have chosen are Cognitive-behavioral therapy and Narrative therapy. We will look into both of these and also as we do that we will find out what the role of the social worker is in both cases. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help you notice the discouraging thoughts that make you feel bad. These thoughts are sometimes called irrational or automatic thoughts. Using Cognitive-behavioral therapy you can learn to stop these thoughts and replace them with helpfulRead MoreCognitive Behavioral And Behavioral Family Therapy2903 Words   |  12 Pages Week 11 Assignment: Signature Assignment: Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy Rayon L. Walton Nortcentral University One of the most effective components of MFT is Cognitive Behavioral Family Therapy (CBFT). CBFT incorporates cognitive processes that affect behavior and applies it to the therapeutic process of clients. The foundational principles of CBFT stem from behavioral concepts that were impacted by issues that affected clients such as phobias, anxiety and parenting deficiencies;Read MoreCognitive Therapies And Behavioral Therapy982 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive behavioral therapy, on the contrary, utilizes directive consulting tools to control and guide its patients. These include such things as asking questions, interpreting, and providing direction to a client’s attention and emotions. â€Å"Aaron Beck developed cognitive therapy, an approach that focuses on recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs into more realistic and constructive thoughts and beliefs† (Erford, 2014). It is believed that cognitive behavioral therapyRead MoreCognitive Psycholo gy : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1700 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy is a school of psychotherapy that intends to assist individuals with conquering their emotional issues. A focal idea in CBT is that you feel the way you think. Therefore, CBT focuses on the fact that you can live all the more cheerfully and effectively in you begin thinking with a better mindset. CBT urges you to comprehend that you re thought process or beliefs lie between the occasion and your definitive sentiments and activities. The

Essay On Conpartum Profile - 1227 Words

Postpartum Profiles Convalescent leave after delivery will be determined by the attending physician. This will normally be for 42 days. Convalescent leave after a termination of pregnancy (for example, miscarriage) will be determined on an individual basis. Prior to commencing convalescent leave, postpartum Soldiers will be issued a temporary profile for 45 days. If the soldier decides to return early, the temporary profile remains in effect. Soldiers will receive clearance from the profiling officer prior to returning to duty. Soldiers are exempt from the APFT and from record weigh-in for 180 days following the termination of a pregnancy. After receiving clearance to resume physical fitness training, they are expected to use†¦show more content†¦Commanders will ensure that all officials and supervisors support the ASAP. The ASAP participation is mandatory for all Soldiers who are command referred and subsequently enrolled.Failure to attend a mandatory counseling session may constitute a violation of Article 86 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). Processing Separation Soldiers who fail to participate adequately in or to respond successfully to rehabilitation will be processed for administrative separation and not be provided another opportunity for rehabilitation except under the most extraordinary circumstances, as determined by the clinical director (CD) in consultation with the unit commander. In addition to existing separation policies for alcohol or other drug abuse rehabilitation failures, Soldiers with a subsequent alcohol or drug-related incident of misconduct at any time during the 12-month period following successful completion of the ASAP or during the 12-month period following removal from the program, for any reason, will be processed for separation as an alcohol or drug abuse rehabilitation failure. Ensure that the first general officer (GO) in the chain of command with a judge advocate or legal advisor receives the appropriate information on drug positive Soldiers from the ASAP and makes the retention decision. Alcohol Policies Alcohol abuse and resulting misconduct

Contract Law Dictates Development Corporation

Question: Describe about the Contract Law Dictates for Development Corporation. Answer: The general principle of contract law dictates that when parties enter into a contract they are obligated and bound to effectively perform the contract within the agreed terms and conditions in the contract. It is worth noting that construction contracts have gained local notoriety in litigation because of delays that are always accompanied by excuses from the contractors. It is thus submitted that failure to perform a contract within the stipulated and agreed schedule attracts significant liability as was seen in Jerry Bennett Masonry, Inc. v. Crossland Constr.Co. (2005), where a subcontractor did not adequately provide for labor for a construction thereby causing a delay in the construction and the courts upheld delay damages against the company. Marina Construction Limited was notified of all the structural defects with the building in the contract as stated in the facts and therefore the delay was one that ought to have been foreseen before agreeing to the terms of the contract and formation of the contract. The delay can thus be termed as one that is an inexcusable delay which is defined as a delay caused by the fault or neglect of the contractor and the owner is entitled to a claim for damages. (Nathan, Lee, and Henry, 2014) Marina Construction Limited (MCL) is under a contractual obligation to perform the contract according to the agreed terms. However, in cases of delay in the performance of contracts the Western Australia Supreme court has held that a detailed notice of any such delay must be served to the other party. (CMA Assets Pty Ltd v John Holland Pty Ltd, 2015) It is not in dispute that MCL provided a notice to the principal in this case albeit it was orally made, the notice can be held to have been given out of time. In Australian Development Corporation (ADC) v White Constructions (1996) it was held that a notice of extension of time must be given within reasonable time to allow the principal take any remedial action or adjustments as to any adjustments. The notice by MCL was only served after the article in the newspaper was posted yet it was within the knowledge of the directors that they could not complete the contract as stipulated in the contract. It is imperative to note that a notice is required even where the contract has not provided for an extension clause. The university can claim liquidated damages if the contract had a liquidated damage clause. (J-Corp Pty Ltd v Mladenis (J-Corp), 2010) The liquidated damage clause will spare the university tedious endeavors calculating the amount of damages compensable. (Boucaut Bay Co Ltd v Commonwealth, 1927) On the other hand, the absence of a liquidated damage clause in a contract will not entitle the contractor to escape liability for delay damages to the contractor. The university can thus recover actual damages without the liquidated damage clause that includes lost profits from the admission of the students and rental charges and interests. The South Carolina Supreme Court affirmed that loss profits can be awarded where the owner undertakes to prove with a reasonable degree of certainty the amount of loss profits. (South Carolina Federal Savings Bank v. Thornton-Crosby, 1992) In regards to the $500,000 that the university had paid to MCl, the university can claim for the restitution of the funds that serves to protect it from unjust enrichment. Conversely, the courts have held in Fibrosa Spolka Akcyjna v Fairburn Lawson Combe Barbour Ltd (1943) that a party that had pre-paid some amounts of money for the performance of the contract could recover it after the contract had been frustrated. It is in fact submitted that the amount paid by the university should not have been given to MCL as this was rewarding them for their breach. 2. Tom, Jane Co (TJC) Firm was under the obligation to perform their duties in a professional manner. In the conduct of their duties and activities, the firm ought to have in mind the ripple effects of their actions on the persons they are serving. The famous dicta by Lord Atkin usefully asserts that one should take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions that are likely to injure a neighbor and further defines a neighbor as one who is like to be affected by the consequences of ones acts or omissions.( Donoghue v. Stevenson, 1932). Moreover, the Civil liability Act 2002 recognizes the tort of professional negligence. It is submitted to TJC that their acts and omissions have invited the tort of negligence precipitated by their omissions that displayed any degree of complacency and ineptitude in their audit business. For an act or omission to amount to negligence there are three essential elements that the plaintiff, in this case, will have to prove for the action to be successful. (Grant v Australian Knitting Mills, 1936) It is essential that a duty of care owed to the claimant who is the consumer must exist and consequently a breach of that duty. In addition, there must also be shown that indeed there was damage or injury caused as a consequence of the breach of that duty. Duty of care The neighbor principle has since widened the scope of the duty of care and it must not necessarily be a consumable product but the duty of care also extends to instances where one relies on information or advice from someone with a specific skill and knowledge. It follows that where such information is given negligently a tort of negligence action can arise. (L Shaddock Associates Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council, 1981) TJC has a duty of care to its clients sunflower bank limited and they are expected to perform there duties with skill and competence. They have a duty to exercise reasonable skill and care whereby the standard of skill expected is of an ordinary skilled person practicing the same discipline. (Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee, 1957). It is imperative to note that the test for test for determining the standard of care will be that of an ordinary skill person highlighted above, in the same practice. This test is commonly referred to as the bolam test. A modern litmus that would determine the duty of care was espoused in Caparo Industries v Dickman (1990) where a tripartite approach is given by the court. First, it was established that the damages and consequence of the acts of the defendants must be reasonably foreseeable. (Kent v Griffiths, 2000) It is hence submitted that the fraud that TJC failed to detect was an omission which was foreseeable since there are several cases of fraud in the banking industry and practitioners should have an open eye on every issue. Secondly, it must be established that there was a legal relationship between the parties that can be regarded as a relationship of proximity that will expect a duty of care from the other party. (Home Office v Dorset Yacht Club, 1970) It goes without saying that a relationship of proximity is easily established between TJC which was an auditing firm and its clients sunflower bank. The duty of care is established because sunflower bank depended on the services of TJC. Thirdly, whether taking all circumstances into consideration it would be just reasonable and fair for the law to impose a duty. (Capital v Hampshire County Council ,1997) In TJC the court will not have to struggle with imposing any duty on TJC as the relationship between TJC and Sunflower bank is one that is created by a legal contract. Breach of duty Negligence occurs where the standard expected of a person falls below that of an ordinary skilled reasonable man. (Roe v Minister of Health, 1954). In deciding whether there has been a breach of the duty of care owed the courts will be guided and persuaded by four factors. First, the court will look at the degree of risk involved where it weighs the likelihood of the harm occurring. In Haley v London Electricity Board (1964) the court held that there was a commonly known risk that ought to have been foreseen. As noted above, the risk of fraud in banking is one that has gained prominence in this era and experts and professionals should put all measures to ensure that any such frauds are avoidable before they transpire. Secondly, the court will also look at the seriousness of the harm or damage suffered. It has been observed that at times the gravity of harm or damaged suffered is so is so low that courts will throw out such claims that seek to waste the courts time. (Paris v Stepney Borough Council, 1951) The gravity of the harm and loss suffered due the actions TJC cannot be downplayed by the court. The loss of $10 million is so grave and is likely to attract the attention of any ordinary court. Thirdly, the court will consider whether it would be reasonably practicable to take any precautions to avoid the harm or loss. (Latimer v AEC Ltd, 1952) The standard here will be that of a reasonably skilled person in the same practice. Fourthly, the courts will ask if the defendants action was of any useful social purpose. (Watt v Hertfordshire County Council, 1954). Infallibly, the actions of TJC served no useful purpose. Proof of breach If Sunflower bank is to bring a claim of negligence then as the plaintiffs they have to provide evidence that will connote that the defendant failed to exercise reasonable skill and care. Nevertheless where such evidence is not available and the facts of the case clearly speak for themselves the maxim of res ipsor loquitor will apply. (Scott v London St Katherine Dock Co, 1865) Damage caused by MCJs Breach of Duty It is submitted that Sunflower bank must show that the loss of the money would not have occurred but for the defendants negligent omissions. This is referred to the But for test that seeks to establish the causal link between the damage and the defendant. The test was authored in Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital (1968) where it was held that damage may at times occur not as a consequence of an act or omission of the defendant but the damage would have occurred anyway even if the or act omission did not transpire. It is advised that this argument resonates more with the defendants case and can be used as a defense. It has been argued that a foreseeable harm may at times occur in an unforeseeable manner which is an argument that TJC may borrow but such an argument does not hold water and liability will still attach as was held in Hughes v Lord Advocate (1963). However, a defendant will not be liable for a tort of negligence where the plaintiff has a weakness or a predisposition to such loss or damage. (Smith v Leech Brain Co, 1961) The foregoing submissions are brought to the attention of TJC and the three essential elements are fundamental for any claim of negligence to succeed. It is of particular significance to note that a claim of negligence is a civil action and the standard of proof is not equated to a criminal action which is beyond reasonable doubt. The standard of proof here is lower and is held to be on a balance of probability. TJC will not incur liability for negligence if they acted professionally and in a manner that has a general acceptance across Australia. (Civil Liability Act 2002 S 50(1) 3. It is apt to underscore the fact that the law of agency imposes a fiduciary duty on the agent. Succinctly, the agent is authorized by the principal to act on his behalf and this raises a legal relationship. The agency agreement between Will and farm fresh crystalizes their legal relationship. It should be borne in mind that an agent is authorized to do that which is authorized by the Principal or that which he can reasonably infer that the principal would desire him to perform. (International Harvester Company of Australia Pty Ltd v Carrigan's Hazledene Pastoral Co ,1958) From the onset it is submitted that pursuant to the agency agreement entered between farm fresh and Will, Will has an actual express authority to act on behalf of the principal. The authority is complete because it follows consent from the principal and there had been a written agreement that Will shall earn a 5% interest in the work that he will undertake on behalf of the principal. (Equiticorp Finance v BNZ(1993) Agency must not necessarily derive from consent of the principle but the law can infer that that an agency agreement existed where the parties were acting as such with the third party and the third party knew that the agent was acting for a known principal.. (Branwhite v Worcester Works Finance Ltd, 1969) It can be argued that Will had actual implied authority which while he was performing the transaction with the third party as he did not have express authority ,however, drawing from the following elements of an actual implied authority his acts were valid. First the agent was acting following the usual manner in which he performs his duties on behalf of the principal. This is referred to as the usual authority of an agent and it can be said that Will was acting in the usual way and his actions were incidental to the other acts that he has been performing for the principal. ( Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd 1968) Second, the acts of the agent had gained the force of a custom and thus it is referred to as a customary authority. The leading case in the entire of the facts in issue and one that perhaps goes furthest is (Freeman Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) (1964). In this case, H and K formed a company to develop property and the articles of the company gave provisions for managing directors but they had not been appointed. K went ahead and engaged a company to take on some constructions but later on the company claimed that k did not have authority. It was held that the K had ostensible authority to act. The courts have also espoused that the person who is held to have ostensible authority must also have an actual express authority to act. (Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct Mail 1975) Will had ostensible authority to act because it was the usual way of business as the principal had not objected to his actions thereby the third party continued to transact with him and furthermore he had express authority derived from the agency agreement. A more persuasive position is that, despite the fact that Will had no express authority to transact with Dairy to Go, his actions were ratified by the principal. For ratification to be held have been undertaken the following must be proven; First, the agent whose act is sought to be ratified must have been acting on behalf of the principle. (Howard Smith Co Ltd v Varawa, 1910) This was well within the knowledge of Dairy to go and the business had gone on for a considerable period of months. Secondly, the principal must have been disclosed at the time of ratification. (Trident v McNeice Bros Pty Ltd, 1988) Dairy to go knew the principle because they were aware that Will was an agent of Farm fresh. The silence of the principal does not amount to ignorance nor does it mean that he has not ratified the act. It has been held that the principal can also ratify an action by silence or inaction. (Klement v Pencoal, 2000) This argument can be borrowed and applied by the principal of Farm fresh as he can say that he was aware of the business between his agent and Dairy to go and that is why he allowed it to continue up to then. This argument crystallizes the point that indeed there was a valid and enforceable contract between Farm fresh and Dairy to Go. Undoubtedly the evidence that has been demonstrated above manifestly shows that the contract that was undertaken between Dairy to Go and Farm fresh is one that legally binds both parties and is enforceable. Indeed it has been proven that Will had authority to act on behalf of the principal albeit his authority was not expressly authorized by the principal. It is submitted that an agent can not act on his own behalf if the third party is aware of the principal. (Irvine v Union Bank of Australia, 1877) To this extent, it can also be argued that Will is entitled to earn the 5%interest because as noted above there has been a mountain of evidence to show that indeed an agency relationship existed and that Wills principle is mandated to honor the agency contract. On the hand, the principal lacks a sufficient ground to terminate the agency contract because Will acted in a manner that was recognized by law so no penalties can be imposed on him. 4. Reflective Journal The law is the art of goodness and equity, but it is the inherent nature of justice that it will not make parties in a case equally exuberant at the end of the day. However, in the eyes of the law justice is deemed to be fairness. My reference to the above has been accentuated by the fact that the contractor in question one has to agree to suffer the loss a circumstance that the construction company does not sit well with but the law is ass as the positivist school of thought will put it. The research on this question has compelled me to learn that the law of contract requires that contracts are entirely honored. In addition, the construction professionals should be careful to undertake the contract as agreed. What was intriguing more is the fact that the contractors have to pay liquidated damages. I have had the privilege to bring to my attention from the research on this question that preferably, construction contracts must entail a liquidated damage clause that serves to prevent tedious endeavors trying to calculate the amount of damages to be paid. (Kean and Caletka, 2008) Nevertheless, the absence of a liquidated damages clause is not an implication that the owner cannot apply for liquidated damages. Suffice to say, contactors should follow the proper procedure where they have foreseen an expected delay and since the law is dynamic the contract can be extended but it is very unfortunate that the law does not favor the circumstances of the contractors case in question which is has a devastating effect on them. In regards to question two the research involved was quite educative and one that its importance I cannot undermine. Professionals have a duty of care to people who their acts or omissions are like to affect and they are required to reasonably foresee such acts or omissions so as not to cause any harm. (Donoghue v. Stevenson, 1932) The famous dictum of Lord Artkin is one that sinks deep into my heart as an aspiring profession. It is prudent that I mention that this research had a wealth of case law that was interesting and whose importance to my career I cannot undermine. The case laws that I have used exemplifies that the standard of skill and care required of the profession will not be measured beyond that of an ordinary skilled man in the same practice. It is worth mentioning that a breach duty of care is followed by award of damages to the party which indeed has a deterrent effect to professionals thereby sending a sound and striking message that those who are reckless in their duties will come face to face with the sharp claws of the application of the law of Negligence. Question three, on the other hand, bestows upon me sufficient knowledge to be able to track the path of the law of agency with competency. The authority that is vested on the agent by the principle is a fundamental one and the agents should be careful not to exceed their authority. In undertaking this question it was brought to my knowledge that an agent should only proceed with an act in which the principal himself is competent to undertake. It was rather interesting to note that despite Wills lack of express authority, the law derives other authorities that approved the actions of Will. Conversely, the ratification of previously unauthorized is a principle that I carried home and could not negate its importance. Indeed a principal can right the wrongs of the agent but only to the extent that the actions are not illegal. The ability of the law to fit the circumstances in favor of Will and Farm Fresh was in my view enticing. The flexibility of the law in this research is unimaginable. I was compelled to learn that actual implied authority if different from apparent authority. Implied authority is inferred from the usual conduct of the business and actions that are incidental to the normal conduct of the agent that is allowed by expressed authority. On the other hand, apparent authority is a conduct by the principal that has led the third to believe that the agent is acting on his behalf. References Australian Development Corporation (ADC) v White Constructions (1996) 12 BCL 317. 2. Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital (1968)3 All ER 1068 Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee (1957) 1 WLR 582 Boucaut Bay Co Ltd v Commonwealth (1927) 40 CLR 98 Branwhite v Worcester Works Finance Ltd (1969) 1 AC 552. Caparo Industries v Dickman (1990) 2 AC 605 Capital v Hampshire County Council (1997)QB 1004 Civil Liability Act 2002 CMA Assets Pty Ltd v John Holland Pty Ltd (2015)WASC217 Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct Mail (1975)133 CLR 72. Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932)UKHL 100 Equiticorp Finance v BNZ (1993) 32 NSWLR 50 Fibrosa Spolka Akcyjna v Fairburn Lawson Combe Barbour Ltd (1943) AC 32 Freeman Lockyer v Bucklehurst Park Properties (Mangal) Pty Ltd (1964)2 QB 480 Grant v Australian Knitting Mills (1936 )A.C. 562 Haley v London Electricity Board (1964) 3 WLR 479, Hely Hutchinson v Brayhead Limited (1968) 1 QB 549 Home Office v Dorset Yacht Club (1970) AC 1004 Howard Smith and Co Limited v Varawa (1910) HCA 30 Hughes v Lord Advocate (1963) A.C. 837 (H.L.). International Harvester Company of Australia Pty Ltd v Carrigan's Hazledene Pastoral Co (1958) 100 CLR 644 Irvine v Union Bank of Australia (1877) 2 App Cas 366 J-Corp Pty Ltd v Mladenis (J-Corp) (2010) 26 BCL 106 Jerry Bennett Masonry Inc. v. Crossland Constr.Co. (2005) 171 S.W.3d 81 Keane, P.J. and A.F. Caletka, ( 2008) Delay Analysis in Construction Contracts Kent v Griffiths (2000)2 WLR 1158 Klement v Pencoal [2000] QCA 152 L Shaddock Associates Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council [1981] HCA 59 Latimer v AEC Ltd (1952) 2 All ER 449 Nathan C, Lee C and Henry P,( 2014) Resolving Problems and Disputes on Construction. Roe v Minister of Health [1954] 2 All ER 131 South Carolina Federal Savings Bank v. Thornton-Crosby (1992) SC 423 S.E.2d 114 Trident v McNeice Bros Pty Ltd (1988) HCA 44 Paris v Stepney Borough Council (1951) 1 All ER 42, Watt v Hertfordshire County Council (1954) 1 WLR 835